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 Coronary Artery Disease is also known as Ischemic Heart Disease  Stages of Development of Coronary Artery Disease    Arterial  Injury - Atherosclerosis    Myocardial Ischemia – Angina Pectoris    Myocardial Necrosis – Myocardial Infarction CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS          Coronary Atherosclerosis is an abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and fibrous tissue in the vessel wall.          These substances create blockages or narrow the vessel in a way that reduces blood flow to the myocardium.          Atherosclerosis is a progressive and potentially life-threatening process ATHEROSCLEROSIS ARTERIOSCLEROSIS - Narrowing of Artery - Lipid or Fat Deposits (Plaques) - Tunica Intima - Hardening of Artery, Thicken - Calcium And Protein Deposits - Tunica Media   PATHOPHYSIOLOGY          Atherosclerosis begins as fatty streaks, lipids that are deposited in the intima of the arterial wall          T lymphocytes and monocytes (that become macrophages) infilt...

Ventilator Settings Ventilator settings are ordered by the physician and are individualized for each patient. Ventilators are designed to monitor many components of the patient’s respiratory status. Various alarms and parameters can be set to warn healthcare providers that the patient is having difficulty with the settings. Respiratory Rate (RR) The respiratory rate is the number of breaths the ventilator delivers to the patient each minute. The rate chosen depends on the tidal volume, the type of pulmonary pathology, and the patient’s target PaCO 2 . The respiratory rate parameters are set above and below this number and the alarm will then sound if the patient’s actual rate is outside of the desired range. (The following are guidelines.) For patients with obstructive lung disease, the rate should be set at 6-8 breaths/minute to avoid the development of auto-PEEP and hyperventilation, or “blowing off CO 2 ”. Patients with restrictive lung disease usually tolerate a range of ...