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Novel Coronavirus ( 2019- nCoV) causing an outbreak of respiratory illness in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Despite Wuhan and other Chinese cities, the COVID- 19 has spread to almost more than 70 locations internationally and more than 1.35 lakh were found positive and more than 3500 were die globally. In INDIA, COVID- 19 cases have been confirmed in Kerala, Delhi, U.P., Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Jammu & Kashmir State. Total 39 cases were confirmed till date out of that 3 were recovered from the state of Kerala and still no any deaths have been reported. Coronavirus Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause illnesses such as the common cold. This family having six broad classifications Human coronavirus 229 E (HCoV- 229 E) Human coronavirus NL 63 ( HCoV-NL 63) Human coronavirus O 43 ( HCoV-OC 43) Human coronavirus HKU 1 ( HCoV-HKU 1) Middle East Respiratory syndrome MERS coronavirus (MERS -CoV) Severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS coronavirus (SARS-Co...

नॉवेल कोरोना वायरस ( 2019-nCoV) चीन के हुबेई प्रांत के वुहान शहर में सांस की बीमारी का प्रकोप के रूप मे पैदा हुआ। वुहान और अन्य चीनी शहरों के आलावा  COVID-19 वैश्विक स्तर पर लगभग 70 से अधिक देशों पर फैल गया है और इससे लगभग 1.35 लाख से अधिक लोग इससे संक्रमित पाए गए है और उनमे से 3500 से अधिक लोगो की जान चली गयी। भारत में , COVID-19 मामलों की पुष्टि केरल , दिल्ली , उत्तर प्रदेश , राजस्थान , तमिलनाडु एवं जम्मू और कश्मीर राज्य में की गई है। अभी तक कुल 39 मामलों की पुष्टि की गई , जिनमें से केरल राज्य के 3 व्यक्तियों को ठीक किया गया और अभी तक   किसी भी मौत की सूचना नहीं मिली है। कोरोना वायरस कोरोनावायरस वायरस का एक परिवार है जो आम सर्दी जुकाम जैसी बीमारियों का कारण बनता है। इस परिवार में छह प्रकार के वायरस हैं। मानव कोरोना वायरस 229 इ ( एच.सीओ.वी- 229 इ ) मानव कोरोना वायरस एनएल 63 ( एच.सीओ.वी-एन.एल 63) मानव कोरोना वायरस ओ. सी. 43 ( एच.सीओ.वी-ओ. सी. 43) मानव कोरोना वायरस एच . के . यू . 1 ( एच.सीओ. वी-एच. के. यू. 1) मध्य पूर्व श्वसन सिंड्रोम MERS कोरोना वायरस (ऍम.इ.आर.एस.-सीओ.व...

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma, involving the terminal airways and alveoli, leading to pulmonary consolidation because alveoli is filled with exudates. Pneumonia may be divided into three groups: Community acquired, due to a number of organisms, including Streptococcus pneumoniae Hospital acquired (nosocomial), due primarily to gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci Pneumonia in the immunocompromised person ETIOLOGY Etiologic Agents Streptococcus pneumoniae – (Streptococcal/Pneumococcal Pneumonia) Staphylococcus aureus - Staphylococcal pneumonia Hemophilus influenzae (Haemophilus Influenza Pneumonia) Legionella pneumophila - Legionnaires' disease Others -   Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Diplococcus Pneumoniae, Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Mycoplasma Pneumoniae, Chlamydia Trachomatis L. Pneumophila, Rhinoviruses, Adenovirus, Varicella, Rubella, Rubeola, Herpes Simplex, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr Virus Aspergillus Fumigatus ...

Respiratory failure is not really a disease; it is a general term to describe any circumstance that interferes with the ability to maintain adequate gas exchange. Respiratory failure is defined as a life threatening condition of an alteration in an individual's oxygenation (PaO 2 ) to fall below 60 mm Hg (hypoxemia) and/or the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCo 2 ) to rise above 50 mm Hg (hypercapnia), on room air as determined by arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis. It is considered to exist when the respiratory system is no longer able to meet metabolic demand. Classification Respiratory failure classified as acute or chronic. Acute Respiratory Failure Characterized by hypoxemia (Pao 2 less than 50 mm Hg) and/or hypercapnia (Paco 2 greater than 50 mm Hg) and acidemia (pH less than 7.35). Occurs rapidly, usually in minutes to hours or days. Chronic Respiratory Failure Characterized by hypoxemia (decreased Pao 2 ) and/or hypercapnia (increased Paco 2 ) with a nor...

Bronchiectasis is a chronic irreversible dilatation of the bronchi and bronchioles due to inflammation and destruction of their walls and is generally associated with chronic lung infection and impaired airway defences. Etio-Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Persistent cough with production of copious amounts of purulent sputum. Dyspnea Cyanosis Finger clubbing Anorexia and generalized body malaise Recurrent fever and bouts of pulmonary infection Crackles and rhonchi heard over involved lobes Intermittent hemoptysis; breathlessness (only COPD with sign) Diagnostic Evaluation ABG analysis reveals low PaO 2 Bronchoscopy – direct visualization of bronchi lining using a fiberscope Chest X-ray may reveal areas of atelectasis with widespread dilatation of bronchi. Sputum examination may detect offending pathogens. High-resolution CT scan is useful in diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Management Goal: prevent progression of disease. Infection controlled by: Smoking cessation. Prompt...