skin care

Surgical attire is refers to the clean and sterile clothing worn in the OT, to provide effective barriers that prevent the dissemination of microorganisms to patients and protect personnel from blood and body substances of patients. OT attire is a part of aseptic environmental control in OT. It ensures protective barrier for the patient's undergoing surgery as well as for the personnel during the surgical procedures. PURPOSES The purpose of the OT attire is – To provide protection from exposure of infection to the patient & surgical team member. To prevent transmission of microorganism from hazardous material such as blood or body substances of the patient to the surgical team member. To prevent from infection such as cold, cough, skin infection from the surgical team member may also be transmitted to the patient. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE ATTIRE The OT Department should have a specific written policies and procedures for proper attire to be worn within the semi...

STERILITY Sterile or sterility means, an object or surface completely free of all living microorganisms including microbial spores. All nonsterile surfaces are considered potentially contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Sterility is absolute. Something is either sterile or not sterile—there is no "partial sterility." CONTAMINATION Contamination is the contact between a sterile surface or object and a nonsterile item, substance, or entity. Contaminated + sterile = contaminated. It is an event in which a sterile item or surface has come in contact with a nonsterile item or surface It defines an item or surface that was previously sterile but comes in contact with a contaminant. For Example – A sterile instrument that falls to the floor. The instrument is contaminated. The surgeon's gloved hand accidentally touches the nonsterile edge of the surgical drape. His glove is contaminated. The scrubbed surgical technologist accidentally punctures her glove with a sutur...

Nursing personnel or nursing section in OT is headed by the Nursing Director or Chief Nursing Officer (CNO). The other members of the nursing team working under the nursing director are as the following: Deputy Nursing Director or Deputy Nursing Officer (DNO) Nursing supervisors Scrub nurses Circulatory nurses Nurse – in – charge store Nurse – in –charge reception, admission, transfer etc. The nurse patient ratio in OT is – Major OT - 1: 2 per table Minor OT - 1: l per table HIERARCHY OF NURSING PERSONNEL IN OT Duties and responsibilities NURSING DIRECTOR AND DEPUTY NURSING DIRECTOR The unit of nursing services in OT is headed by the Nursing Director. Nursing director should have a qualification of post-graduation in nursing with the experience in OT Nursing. He/she is the administrative or managing authority of nursing services in OT. She has three areas of responsibilities: Administration, Management, and Education & research. The Nursing Director is responsible for:...

Staffing is a selection, training, motivating and retaining of a personnel in the organization. The norms are providing staffing requirement information in a number of ways, to facilitate various uses. The staffing requirements in can be measured by – Staffing needs, Population ratios, Fixed staff requirements per level of care, Number of hours worked, Hours associated with direct patient care Workload calculation The staffing requirements in OT staffing is based on the – Number of cases operated per day, Total number of hours of cases, Type of cases, Nature of cases, Prescribed norms, policies and procedures BENEFITS OF GOOD STAFFING Improves patient outcome Lowers mortality rate Increase OT efficiency Reduce patient waiting time for surgery Balance workload STAFFING PATTERN OF OT   MEMBERS OF THE OT TEAM The management of intra-operative nursing care is the coordinated efforts of well-organized surgical team. Whose function include safe, efficient & effective care to...

An operation theatre is the "heart" of any major hospital. An operating theatre, operating room, surgery suite or a surgery centre is a room within a hospital within which surgical and other operations are carried out. OT are designed and built to carry out investigative, diagnostic, therapeutic and palliative procedures of varying degrees of invasiveness. Many such setups are customized to the requirements based on size of hospital, patient turnover and may be speciality specific. The aim is to provide the maximum benefit for maximum number of patients arriving to the operation theatre. Both the present as well as future needs should be kept in mind while planning OT. OT design Several basic design types are used in surgical services departments, depending on the age of the facility and the physical design of the areas outside the department. All surgery departments are designed with the idea of controlling traffic patterns and quickly providing each operating room (OR) wi...