skin care

Introduction The term infection refers to a state in which parasitic organisms attach themselves to the body, or to the inside of the body, of another organism, causing contamination and disease in the host organism. Nosocomial / Hospital Acquired Infections "Any clinically recognizable disease that affects, the patients as a consequence of hospital admission, or hospital staff as a consequence of their work whether or not the symptoms appear during hospital stay." Nosocomial infections are infections which are a result of treatment in a hospital or a healthcare service unit, but secondary to the patient's original condition. Infections are considered nosocomial if they first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge. Incidence Pattern 10 to 30% of patients admitted to hospitals and nursing homes in India, acquire Nosocomial infection as against an impressive five per cent in the West. Average Incidence - 5% to 10%, but may be ...

Introduction Patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) have life-threatening illnesses requiring a range of high-level interventions and the responses to that treatment can be unpredictable. Within this context of intensive care, the nursing contribution involves meticulous observation and skilled intervention, the provision of basic hygiene, nutrition and prevention of harm, as well as the provision of emotional and psychological support to both the patient and their families. Patient Assessment The assessment includes – The patient's history Performing a physical examination (At minimum) A quick assessment should be made of all catheters. Review of the doctor's orders. Fluid: movement of fluid and electrolytes among body compartment. "Electrolyte imbalance, Dehydration, hypervolemia, hemodynamic stability (V/S)" Aeration: assess the patient clinically and laboratory. " Type of respiration, normal and extra breathing sounds, color of skin & mu...

INTRODUCTION "Repeated or continuous observations or measurements of the patient, his or her physiological function, and the function of life support equipment, for the purpose of guiding management decisions, including when to make therapeutic interventions, and assessment of those interventions". A patient monitor may not only alert caregivers to potentially life-threatening events; many provide physiologic input data used to control directly connected life-support devices. CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS WHO NEED MONITORING There are at least four categories of patients who need physiologic monitoring: Patients with unstable physiologic regulatory systems; for example, a patient whose respiratory system is suppressed by a drug overdose or anesthesia. Patients with a suspected life-threatening condition; for example, a patient who has findings indicating an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Patients at high risk of developing a life-threatening condition; for example, pat...